RT journal article
T1 Does faster mean greener? Runtime and energy trade-offs in iOS applications with compiler optimizations
A1 Aragón Jurado, José Miguel
A1 Bangash, Abdul Ali
A1 Dorronsoro Díaz, Bernabé
A1 Ali, Karim
A1 Hindle, Abram
A1 Ruiz Villalobos, Patricia
A2 Ingeniería Informática
A2 Ingeniería Mecánica y Diseño Industrial
K1 Software performance
K1 iOS development
K1 Compiler optimization
K1 Smartphone applications
K1 Energy consumption
K1 Green software
AB Smartphones outnumber people nowadays, requiring efficient energy management. High application energy use leads to faster battery drain and frequent recharging, negatively impacting both battery life and the environment. This cycle also contributes to rising electronic and chemical waste due to discarded mobile phone batteries. Compiler optimization flags may play a crucial role in mitigating these issues by optimizing software performance. However, there has been little research on examining how compiler optimization flags impact the energy consumption of smartphone applications. This work presents an empirical study on the effect of the most aggressive iOS compiler optimizations on runtime, power consumption, and energy consumption across six different iOS applications. For each application, we developed a benchmark focused on the specified category we aimed to study. Our results show that reducing application runtime does not always directly correlate with improved energy consumption. In fact, we observed that optimizations aimed at enhancing runtime performance often come at an energy cost in the applications studied, highlighting a trade-off between runtime and energy consumption. For example, we found that using -Ounchecked in Swift, combined with -Oz from LLVM in the GhostRun video game, increases energy consumption by 34%, despite improving runtime performance by 9%.
PB Elsevier
SN 2210-5387; 2210-5379
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36890
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36890
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 07-nov-2026