RT journal article T1 Unveiling single-electron tunneling in nanogranular ultrathin films for sensor applications via hyperspectral conductive AFM A1 Bakkali, Hicham A1 Domínguez de la Vega, Manuel A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica A2 Física de la Materia Condensada K1 Conductive atomic force microscopy K1 Electrical characteristics K1 anogranular ultrathin films K1 Single-electron tunneling AB This study maps the electrical behavior across a 7 × 7 μm2 nanogranular ultrathin Pd-ZrO2 film, revealing nonlinear I-V characteristics indicative of single-electron tunneling. Following the Coulomb blockade power law I ∼ (V − Vt)ξ with a scaling exponent ξ ≈ 1.2, these characteristics appear above the threshold voltage Vt. By modeling the nanogranular structure as a 1D array of multitunnel junctions, we demonstrate a linear relationship between Vt and tunnel channel length, allowing for a better understanding of nanoscale electrical properties and supporting the development of sensitive sensors. PB Elsevier B.V. SN 1873-4979 YR 2025 FD 2025 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36902 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/36902 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-may-2026