RT journal article T1 Shaping EU borders: an analysis of the technological and institutional developments in border management in the European Union T2 Configuración de las fronteras de la UE: análisis de la evolución tecnológica e institucional de la gestión de fronteras en la unión europea A1 Baceiredo Macho, Irene K1 external borders of the EU K1 SIS K1 FRONTEX K1 EU large-scale IT systems K1 Fronteras exteriores de la UE K1 sistemas informáticos de gran magnitud AB The evolution of the border management landscape in the European Union (EU)over the past 40 years has been greatly shaped by two significant events: the 2004 EU enlargementand the 2015 “refugee crisis”. The two events led to the transformation of an exclusive competenceof the EU Member States into a shared competence between them and the Union. They also catalysed the development of crucial mechanisms to current border control practices: the Schengen Information System (SIS) and other EU large-scale information systems, along with the establishmentand transformation of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (EBCGA or FRONTEX). Inrecent years, border management has further evolved with the inclusion of new technologies suchas algorithmic profiling or the use of artificial intelligence (AI). These innovations, however, alsobring forth new ethical and fundamental right challenges. PB Editorial UCA SN 2341-0868 YR 2025 FD 2025 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37572 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37572 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-may-2026