RT journal article
T1 The Integration of AI into the Nursing Process: A Comparative Analysis of NANDA, NOC, and NIC-Based Care Plans
A1 Gilart Cantizano, Ester
A1 Anna, Bocchino
A1 Gilart-Cantizano, Patricia
A1 Cotobal-Calvo, Eva Manuela
A1 Lepiani Díaz, Isabel
A1 Román Sánchez, Daniel
A1 Palazón-Fernández, José Luis
A2 Enfermería y Fisioterapia
K1 expert panel
K1 nursing professionals
K1 artificial intelligence
K1 diagnostic process
AB Background/Objectives: Nursing diagnosis is a complex process that requiresclinical judgment, time, and resources and whose implementation is hindered by factorssuch as workload, lack of time, and resistance to computerized systems. This study aimedto compare the quality and efficiency of care plans generated by nursing professionals versus those produced by an artificial intelligence (AI) model, using the NANDA, NOC, andNIC taxonomies as criteria. Methods: An observational study was carried out with threesimulated clinical cases. Thirty experts, fifty-four nursing professionals, and the ChatGPTmodel (GPT-4) were included. The experts established the referral plans using the Delphitechnique. Responses were evaluated with a validated rubric (EADE-2) and analyzed usingnonparametric tests. Professionals’ perceptions on the use of computer systems were alsocollected. Results: ChatGPT scored significantly higher on several dimensions (p < 0.001)and resolved all three cases in 35 s, compared to an average of 30 min for practitioners.Professionals expressed dissatisfaction with current diagnostic documentation systems.Conclusions: AI demonstrates high potential in optimizing the diagnostic process in nursing, although for its implementation human supervision, ethical aspects and improvementsin current systems must be considered to achieve effective integration.
PB MDPI
SN 2039-4403
YR 2025
FD 2025-05-27
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37973
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/37973
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 07-nov-2026