RT journal article
T1 Assessing urban security and safety smartness: A systematic review of key performance indicators
A1 Gallardo Amores, Francisco José
A1 Real Castrillo, Cristina del
A1 Díaz Fernández, Antonio Manuel
A2 Derecho Internacional PúblicoPenal y Procesal
K1 city design
K1 city indexes
K1 comparisons
K1 governance
K1 metrics
K1 planning & policy
K1 rankings
K1 smart cities
K1 smart cities standards
AB The smart city framework has become a key approach to addressing urbanisation chal- lenges over the last 2 decades. While KPIs have been developed for various smart city dimensions, security and safety remain underexplored. This paper addresses this gap through a systematic review of KPIs. The study examines how urban security and safety smartness is assessed, focusing on three questions: (RQ1) What indicators measure urban security and safety smartness? (RQ2) In which smart city dimensions are these KPIs located? (RQ3) How are these KPIs defined and quantified? Using PRISMA guidelines, databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore were searched, yielding 2369 sources. After screening, 38 studies were analysed. A total of 182 unique KPIs were identified and categorised into crime prevention and control (53), perceptions of safety (11), emergency and disaster management (50), and cybersecurity (68). Most KPIs focus on city outcomes, with fewer addressing smart technology functionalities. Definitions and measurement approaches lack consensus. This review identifies gaps in defining and measuring smart urban security and safety. Standardising KPIs and incorporating technology‐specific metrics are key directions for future research.
PB Wiley
SN 2631-7680
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38340
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38340
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 06-nov-2026