RT journal article
T1 Optimized ultrasound-assisted tryptophan extraction from Kappaphycus spp.: Enhancing bioactive compound profiling and cultivation strategies
A1 Izmi, Nuzulia
A1 Manikharda
A1 Palma Lovillo, Miguel
A1 Lideman
A1 Rafi, Mohamad
A1 Mareta, N.
A1 Setyaningsih, Widiastuti
A2 Química Analítica
K1 Box behnken design;
K1 Kapppaphycus alvarezii
K1 Kapppaphycus striatum
K1 Optimization
K1 UPLC-FD
AB Kappaphycus spp., a widely cultivated seaweed, is valued for its diverse bioactive compounds, including tryptophan. This study aimed to optimize and validate an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method to quantify tryptophan using a Box-Behnken design integrated with response surface methodology. The factors evaluated included solvent composition (50–90 % methanol in water), pH (2–8), ultrasound amplitude (25–75 %), and pulse duty cycle (0.2–1.0 s⁻¹). The optimized extraction variables—73 % methanol in water, pH 8, 58 % ultrasound amplitude, and a 0.8 s⁻¹ pulse duty cycle at 60 °C for 10 min—achieved high recovery (>90 %) and precision (CV <5 %). This method was applied to 36 samples of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum, revealing significant variations in tryptophan content based on species, environmental factors, and farming methods. Notably, K. striatum from Sekotong (Lombok) cultivated via the longline method exhibited the highest tryptophan yield. The findings underscore the potential of optimized UAE for supporting seaweed biotechnology and enhancing bioactive compound production through improved cultivation strategies.
PB Elsevier B.V.
SN 2772-5022
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38615
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38615
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 08-nov-2026