RT journal article
T1 Increasing efficiency and reducing bias in the detection of seed– dispersal interactions based on mist-netted birds
A1 Rumeu Ruiz, Beatriz
A1 González Varo, Juan Pedro
A1 Castro, Cristina de
A1 Lopez-Orta, Antonio
A1 Illera, Juan Carlos
A1 Miñarro, Marcos
A1 García, Daniel
A2 Biología
K1 frugivorous birds
K1 mesh band
K1 mist-netting
K1 method optimization
K1 plant– animal interactions
K1 sampling biases
K1 sampling effectiveness
AB Efficient and unbiased sampling of ecological interactions is essential to our understanding of the functions they mediate. Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds is a key mutualism for plant regeneration and community dynamics. Mist-netting is one of the most widely used methods to sample avian seed dispersal through the identification of seeds in droppings of captured birds kept inside cloth bags. However, birds may drop seeds on the ground before being extracted from the net, leading to a fraction of missing information due to ineffective sampling. Worryingly, this fraction could be unevenly distributed across bird and plant species, leading to sampling biases. Here, we assess the effectiveness of using a 1-m wide mesh below mist nets to sample seeds dropped by entangled birds. We used data from birds mist-netted during one-year-round. We sampled nearly 50% of interaction events and 75% of dispersed seeds on the mesh band below the mist nets (i.e. lost information without this optimization). The proportion of seeds sampled on the mesh bands was not evenly distributed among bird species but strongly related to bird size, ranging from 57–63% in warblers to 84–94% in thrushes. Moreover, the proportion of seeds sampled on the mesh was negatively related to seed size, although this relationship was weaker. We also evaluated accumulation curves of species and pairwise interactions with increasing sampling effort, both with and without using the mesh bands. The number of seed species sampled increased by 21% when using the mesh bands and the number of pairwise interactions by 36%. Our findings provide strong evidence on how inefficient and biased traditional mist-netting can be for sampling community-wide seed–dispersal interactions. We thus urge the use of mesh bands in future studies to increase sampling effectiveness and avoid biases, which will ultimately improve our understanding of the seed dispersal function.
PB John Wiley and Sons Inc
SN 1600-0706
YR 2023
FD 2023
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38699
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38699
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 11-nov-2026