RT journal article T1 Full-scale friction welding system for pipeline steels A1 Chludzinski, Mariane A1 dos Santos, Rafael Eugenio A1 Ramminger Pissanti, Daniela A1 Cantelli Kroeff, Filipe A1 Mattei, Fabiano A1 Dalpiaz, Giovani A1 Piza Paes, Marcelo Torres A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica K1 Friction welding system K1 Pipeline girth welds K1 API 5L steel AB A fully automatic friction welding system was specially developed for the girth friction welding of pipelines with a diameter of up to 400 mm. The friction welding methods were solid-state joining processes based on the generation of heat through the contact and rotation of an intermediate ring placed between two pipes ends. The thermomechanical process used in this non-fusion method generated different welding zones and microstructures. This resulted in the production of defect-free API 5L X46 welded pipes in less than 5 min. The microhardness profile of the welded joints showed an increase in the intermediate ring hardness. A fracture toughness test and fractographic analyses showed reduced values in the centre of the ring, which were associated with dimples nucleated at small inclusions. PB Elsevier SN 2238-7854 YR 2019 FD 2019 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38755 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38755 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-nov-2026