RT journal article T1 Residual stress evaluation in API 5L X65 girth welded pipes joined by friction welding and gas tungsten arc welding A1 Pereira de Moraes, Carlos Alexandre A1 Chludzinski, Mariane A1 Menezes Nunes, Rafael A1 Vieira Braga Lemos, Guilherme A1 Reguly, Afonso A2 Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica K1 Residual stress K1 X-ray diffraction K1 API 5L X65 K1 Friction welding K1 Gas tungsten arc welding AB The present study compared the residual stress states in friction welded pipes of API 5L X65 to those achieved by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to assess residual stresses. In addition, microstructural and microhardness were analyzed for both welding processes. As expected, results showed that each welding method led to different residual stress states. The friction technology led to coarser microstructure, increased microhardness and lower residual stress states at the weld centreline. On the other hand, fusion welding was responsible for higher heterogeneity microhardness at the weld centerline, greater residual stress distributions and porosity formation in the joint cross section. PB Elsevier SN 2238-7854 YR 2019 FD 2019 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38757 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/38757 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz RD 10-nov-2026