RT journal article
T1 Unlocking Agave bracteosa Saponins: Optimized green extraction through Box-Behnken design
A1 Guzzo, Francesca
A1 Aliaño González, María José
A1 Chinchilla Salcedo, Nuria
A1 Carrera Fernández, Ceferino Adrián
A1 Macías Domínguez, Francisco Antonio
A1 García Durán, Alexandra
A1 Simonet Morales, Ana María
A2 Química Analítica
A2 Química Orgánica
K1 Ultrasound-assisted extraction
K1 Saponins
K1 Agave bracteosa
K1 Leaves
K1 Green extraction
K1 Box-Behnken design
K1 UPLC-QTOF/MS
AB Ultrasound-assisted extraction has emerged as an eco-friendly and efficient alternative for the recovery of bioactive compounds from plant matrices. The present study aimed to optimize the UAE conditions for obtaining saponin-enriched extracts from Agave bracteosa leaves. To this end, a Box-Behnken design coupled with response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the influence of the following factors on saponin yield: ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, sample-to-solvent ratio, ultrasound cycle, and amplitude. The optimal conditions were as follows: 71 % ethanol in water, 34 °C, a sample-to-solvent ratio of 0.02 g/20 mL, a 0.3 s on/0.7 s off cycle, 20 % amplitude, and 5 min. The extracts were analyzed using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, leading to the identification of saponins recently reported for Agave bracteosa. The optimized method demonstrated high repeatability and applicability across different Agave species (A. americana and A. lophanta). An extraction efficiency (%EE) of 2739 was achieved compared with preliminary UAE extractions. This study highlights the potential of ultrasound-assisted extraction as a sustainable and effective technique for saponin extraction with important advantages such as reduced energy consumption and processing time.
PB Elsevier
SN 2352-5541
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39063
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39063
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 04-nov-2026