RT journal article
T1 Floating Photovoltaic Plants: Exploring the Water-Energy Nexus
A1 Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel
A1 Carvalho, Paulo C.M
A1 De Araújo, José Carlos
A1 Carneiro De Lima, José Brenno
A1 Carolyne Carneiro, Tatiane
A1 Fernández Ramírez, Luis Miguel
A2 Ingeniería Eléctrica
K1 Floating photovoltaic systems
K1 yield
K1 power density
K1 evaporation reduction
AB This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems and the associated water-energy nexus (WEN). Electricity generation, installed power, yield, power density and, when available, FPV and ground-mounted PV (GPV) systems comparison, are analyzed; considering the water resource, aspects such as yearly water saving/installed power, types of reservoirs for FPV systems worldwide and methodologies for estimation of water evaporation reduction are investigated. The main conclusions are a) most of the publications focus on FPV scenarios, using simulation tools and/or calculation-based methodologies for preliminary parameters estimation; b) half of the studies disregard FPV plants associated water evaporation reduction; c) significant differences between measured and simulated FPV generation values are identified; d) few papers compare FPV and GPV efficiency using measured data from systems installed close to each other; e) dams and hydropower reservoirs are the most used options for FPV plants; f) the adoption of a linear relationship between the water surface occupancy rate and the evaporation reduction can introduce large deviations from measured values, affecting the planning of strategies for the water use in the long term.
PB Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SN 2169-3536
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39325
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39325
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 06-nov-2026