RT journal article
T1 Functionalization of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid by Supercritical CO2 Impregnation with Mango Leaf Extract and Evaluation with Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
A1 Sánchez Gomar, Ismael
A1 Cáceres Medina, Mercedes
A1 Cejudo Bastante, Cristina
A1 Mantell Serrano, Casimiro
A1 Casas Cardoso, Lourdes
A1 Durán Ruiz, María del Carmen
A2 BiomedicinaBiotecnología y Salud Pública
A2 Ingeniería Química y Tecnología de Alimentos
K1 PLA
K1 supercritical carbon dioxide
K1 supercritical impregnation
K1 3D-printing
K1 mango leaf extract
K1 polyphenols
K1 DPPH
K1 AAI
K1 CFCs
K1 MSCs
AB Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) devices can be functionalized with plant-derived bioactives to introduce antioxidant activity while maintaining manufacturability and cytocompatibility. Here, a polyphenol-rich mango leaf extract (MLE) was obtained by enhanced solvent extraction and incorporated into PLA using supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted impregnation. Two manufacturing sequences were compared: impregnation after three-dimensional (3D) printing of discs and impregnation of filaments prior to printing. Extract yield and radical scavenging capacity were quantified, and impregnation efficiency was assessed as a function of pressure and temperature. Biological performance was evaluated using adipose tissue-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cultured separately and in co-culture on functionalized substrates. Impregnation after printing provided higher and more reproducible loading while preserving disc geometry, whereas impregnation before printing promoted swelling and printing-associated deformation that compromised structural fidelity. Cell-based analyses supported improved adhesion, spatial distribution, and proliferative status on discs produced by impregnation after printing under low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, without evidence of selective loss of either population in co-culture by flow cytometry. These results support post-print supercritical impregnation as a robust route to generate antioxidant, cell-supportive PLA scaffolds from agricultural by-products with potential relevance for vascular-oriented biomedical applications.
PB Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
SN 2076-3921
YR 2026
FD 2026-04-04
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40411
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10498/40411
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Cádiz
RD 14-nov-2026