Clay honeycomb monoliths for the simultaneous retention of lead and cadmium in water

Abstract

Natural illite-smectite and stevensite Moroccan clays were used for the simultaneous removal of lead and cadmium from aqueous medium. The clays were employed in raw state and extruded as honeycomb monoliths form without any additives, which confirms the novelty of this approach in water treatment. The experiments were done in batch conditions with continuous stirring and using a recirculated flow, respectively. In addition to a characterization of the clays by XRF, XRD, TGA, laser granulometry, N2 physisorption, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS and evaluation of the cation exchange capacity, special attention was paid to the influence on the co-adsorption of variables such as adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Pseudo-second order kinetics and good fitting to Redlich-Peterson model for both heavy metals were found. Our results also suggest that Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake is controlled by chemisorption with predominance of Langmuir characteristics. No significant depletion of the metals retention attributable to competition was observed, particularly for the stevensite (maximum retention capacity of 1.2 mg Pb2+/g and 4.6 mg Cd2+/g) that showed higher specific surface area. For both clays, cadmium ions adsorption was relatively favoured in the bimetallic solution, and the honeycombs kept the powders performance. Honeycomb monoliths as a compact adsorbent offer a promising way of water treatment thanks to their stability and easy incorporation into dynamic processes avoiding the issues of pressure drop under wastewater circulation. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).