Generation of Subnanometer Metal Clusters in Silicoaluminate Zeolites as Bifunctional Catalysts

Abstract

Zeolite-encapsulated subnanometer metal catalysts are an emerging class of solid catalysts with superior performances in comparison to metal catalysts supported on open-structure solid carriers. Currently, there is no general synthesis methodology for the encapsulation of subnanometer metal catalysts in different zeolite structures. In this work, we will show a general synthesis method for the encapsulation of subnanometer metal clusters (Pt, Pd, and Rh) within various silicoaluminate zeolites with different topologies (MFI, CHA, TON, MOR). The successful generation of subnanometer metal species in silicoaluminate zeolites relies on the introduction of Sn, which can suppress the migration of subnanometer metal species during high-temperature oxidation–reduction treatments according to advanced electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterizations. The advantage of encapsulated subnanometer Pt catalysts in silicoaluminate zeolites is reflected in the direct coupling of ethane and benzene for production of ethylbenzene, in which the Pt and the acid sites work in a synergistic way.