Dynamic Energy Management System of a Microgrid Cluster under Operational Intermittency

Abstract

This paper presents a novel real-time dynamic energy management system for a microgrid cluster that includes renewable energy technologies, energy storage systems, and local demands. The energy management system operates as a tertiary controller, dynamically balancing power dispatch among microgrids by introducing the real-time available power concept. This work contributes by offering a flexible framework that coordinates both grid-forming and grid-following microgrids to optimize performance under variable renewable conditions. The proposed configuration comprises the integration of microgrids operating with grid-forming inverters and droop control method, alongside microgrids with grid-following inverter operating as an auxiliary microgrid. The proposed approach addresses the challenges of intermittency in renewable electrical technologies generation and demand variability, unlike traditional methods that assume ideal generation sources. It enables efficient, adaptive power distribution while ensuring that microgrids do not exceed their available capacities. The energy management system is validated through multiple time-domain simulations, by demonstrating its ability to maintain stability, resilience, and operational reliability in high-renewable energy technologies penetration scenarios.