Optimal Hierarchical Energy Management System for a Three-Bus Microgrid Cluster Configuration

Abstract

The considerable research interest in microgrid clusters (MGCs) is owing to their ability to integrate diverse alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) technologies for consumption, generation and storage, along with their inherent benefits in enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and resilience of energy systems. In this sense, this work presents a novel dynamic control for a grid-connected MGC, which includes an IEEE three-bus system interconnected with one DC microgrid (MG) (composed of a wind turbine, an ultracapacitor, electrical loads, a fuel cell, and an electrolyzer) and two AC MGs (composed each one of photovoltaic generators, electrical loads, and an electrical battery). The novel dynamic control consists of local controllers for each technology of the MGC and a dynamic hierarchical energy management system that coordinates an optimal power dispatch with the objective of optimizing the power losses in the transmission lines within the MGC. To evaluate the dynamic control, the system is studied under variations in the solar radiation, wind speed, and dynamic electrical loads. The dynamic control and the system exhibit robust behavior across the different simulation scenarios implemented.