Examining the influence of corruption on port efficiency in West Africa and the Mid-Atlantic: A bootstrapped DEA analysis

Abstract

This study offers valuable information for policymakers. As European ports are increasingly subject to stringent environmental regulations, it is essential to consider the competitive impact on EU ports geographically located in Africa (also because the Canary Islands are considered outermost regions of the EU). Policymakers should weigh the long-term consequences of regulatory asymmetries on trade flows, competitiveness, and the strategic positioning of European ports. In this regard, the study highlights the need for a coordinated regulatory strategy that considers the unique competitive dynamics faced by European ports operating in African contexts.